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Ross GayA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In the preface for The Book of Delights, Gay writes that after a year of recording delights, he found his life “not without sorrow or fear or pain or loss. But more full of delight” (7). Throughout the project, Gay does not ignore grief but uses it to highlight how wonderful delight really is. In “Joy is Such a Human Madness,” Gay explores how “the intolerable makes life worthwhile” (45). This becomes a theme throughout the essays as he records his honest thoughts and experiences, not withholding negative emotions like anxiety and paranoia, while consistently finding things to delight in. The symbiotic relationship between grief and joy is evident in a few topics Gay returns to throughout his essays. The first of these topics is physical touch between strangers, the second is death, and the third is his poverty-stricken childhood.
Many of his essays ramble through unpleasantness like racism, the death of a loved one, and societal and political unrest. In “Kombucha in a Mid-Century Glass,” Gay acknowledges that his delights often illuminate his afflictions, like his love for glasses reminiscent of an era centered on whiteness. Similarly, sometimes his afflictions illuminate his delight. In “To Spread the Sweetness of Love,” Gay’s anxious walking around the airport leads him to witness an act of love between friends that renews his faith in the goodness of humankind. In “Tap Tap,” Gay is reminded that physical touch between strangers can be an embodiment of almost familial intimacy, rewriting his fear of aggressive and ill-intentioned physical contact. The grief that has occurred because of ill-intentioned touch between strangers makes Gay so much more eager to celebrate loving, friendly contact. In “The High-Five from Strangers, Etc.,” Gay is pleasantly surprised when interrupted for a high-five and writes, “For I love, I delight in, unequivocal pleasant public physical interactions with strangers” (31).
Gay frequently writes about death and loss, believing that the knowledge that we are consistently passing away adds to the value and enjoyment of life. In “Donny Hathaway on Pandora,” Gay writes that the knowledge and understanding of death “might be the beginning of a radical love. A renovating love, even” (97). He underscores this understanding with gardening analogies in “Transplanting,” describing how he needed to cut down fig trees to replant them. The cuttings are a reminder of promises and dreams. He also writes about a dream in which he realizes with striking clarity that he is going to die someday. While this realization may have scared others, Gay was overwhelmed with “an absolute love for this life” (47).
Gay clearly states that he was raised in a poverty-stricken family, describing how the car his father drove was held together by a bungee cord, Gay’s wristbands were the top of tube socks, and so on. Despite the grief that accompanies the struggles of poverty, Gay writes joyfully and nostalgically about his childhood, delighting in the fun he had with friends and the memories he shares of his father. The dominant middle-class narrative about poverty is that it must be hurtful and negative, and to revel in the joys life brings regardless of income level is an act of radical acceptance of oneself. The lack he experienced in his childhood contributes to the delight he now feels in his ability to rest, take his time, and blow off responsibilities. In “Blowing it Off,” he shares how his father did not have the option to call out of work, and so to honor how far he has come, Gay delights in blowing things off.
By not ignoring the unpleasantness of life, and instead celebrating the delight the unpleasantness highlights, Gay demonstrates the symbiotic relationship between grief and joy. Joy cannot be fully appreciated without grief, just as the understanding of death overwhelms Gay with a love for his life. By exploring this symbiotic relationship between grief and joy, Gay finds more delight and joy in his appreciation for life.
The essays in The Book of Delights are largely autobiographical, recording delight and displeasure as Gay experiences it. While listing topics that appear frequently in his essays, Gay admits, “Racism is often on my mind” (6). He does not offer input or attempt to advise readers on how to create change in their lives or the world; he simply shares his experience as a Black man in the United States. Many essays are dedicated to this topic, like “Hole in the Head,” “The Negreeting,” “Weirdly Untitled,” and more. However, the theme is prevalent even in essays that seem to be dedicated to other topics, showing how Gay’s experience as a Black man informs his perception of the world and shapes his determination to find delight.
From very early in the book, Gay makes his identity as the son of a white mother and Black father clear. This piece of his history is essential in understanding the way he sees the world. Because Gay is a Black man, he notices things around him and finds delight in places others may not know to look. In “The Negreeting,” Gay shares his delight in being acknowledged by other Black people around him, even if they do not know each other. However, this delight is rooted in the unfortunate realization that in the United States, Black people are presumed guilty, and the “negreeting” is a way for Black people to recognize one another’s innocence. Both the displeasure in the assumption of guilt and the delight in the covert greeting are rooted in Gay’s experience as a Black man and would likely not be visible to anyone of another race.
Part of Gay’s experience as a Black man in the US is the anxiety and paranoia that accompanies him. In “Hole in the Head,” one of Gay’s friends states that “You’d have to be crazy not to be paranoid as a black person in this country” (20). This paranoia appears in many of his essays, especially those discussing politics and current events. He shares about the violence done again the Black community in “Hole in the Head” and “Still Processing,” and shares some of his own experiences with racism in “Microgentrification: WE BUY GOLD” and “Ambiguous Signage Sometimes.” As a Black man, he has endured significant displeasure, and yet, he is determined to find delight within them. In “Still Processing,” he shares how popular media has attempted to create a permanent link between Blackness and suffering, and ends the essay by writing, “And the Delight? You have been reading a book of delights written by a black person. A book of black delight” (185). For Gay, focusing on joy while being Black is itself a radical act.
As a Black man, Gay fears he must work hard to find delight around him, even trying to “stack” his delights. He eventually realizes small delight can be found everywhere, like a flower in a crack in the street, spread by nearly invisible seeds. This highlights the symbiotic relationship between grief and joy. Gay is so much happier when he sees examples of Black joy because he understands the suffering Black people endure every day. He finds great pleasure in eating pecans that have been smuggled across state lines and cries when he watches movies where Black children get to play freely. Because of his experience as a Black man in the US, Gay is determined to find delight around him, and when he does, he enjoys it more fully.
Gay most commonly finds delight in the inherent goodness of humanity and the interconnectivity between all people. Even in moments where Gay feels the most discouraged or paranoid, he finds reminders of the goodness in and the connection between people. He considers this connection to be facilitated by joy, writing, “joy is the mostly invisible, the underground union between us” (140). He finds joy and connection while traveling, reflecting on public decency and trust, and after experiencing gentle, public physical touch.
Many of Gay’s essays about the inherent goodness of humanity and the connection between people are written while he is traveling. While on airplanes, trains, or cafes in unfamiliar cities, Gay takes time to watch the people around him and is delighted by what he sees. In “Babies. Seriously.,” Gay writes that he was “flabbergasted by the endurance of love and delight” displayed by strangers watching a toddler walk down the airplane aisle (132). Similarly, while anxiously walking through an airport in Denver, Gay is drawn “like a sunflower” to a brief interaction between two workers demonstrating their friendship and affection. And again while traveling, Gay relishes the way a flight attendant calls him “baby” and tells all the passengers that she loved them in the safety presentation. All of these are interactions that will never be repeated between these people—they are all strangers on their way to or from somewhere—yet they all bond over these uniquely human experiences.
Gay is also delighted by the common decency and goodness in people in situations requiring trust. He reflects on this after seeing that his friend filled out her identification card on her backpack, realizing that he still believes in common decency, and almost even more in the faith of common decency. His faith is bolstered in “The Sanctity of Trains” where people leave their belongings unattended for long periods of time, trusting that nothing will be taken. He writes that “in almost every instance of our lives […] we are in the midst of a constant, if subtle, caretaking” (117). He believes we all acknowledge how difficult life is, and we therefore attempt small acknowledgments to lighten the burden. This is proven again when Gay, his friends, and a multitude of strangers come together to help a young boy find his mother during a march in “Giving My Body to the Cause.”
Lastly, Gay finds delight and proof of the inherent goodness in humanity and the connection between people in every instance of gentle, good-willed physical contact between strangers. In “Tap Tap,” Gay explores how familiarity is closely related to family, and how the touch of the flight attendant reminded him how touch can be pleasant or neutral instead of violent or intrusive. In “The High-Five from Strangers, Etc.” Gay writes about forms of physical touch, saying “The handshake. The hug. I love them both” (32). To Gay, these pleasant forms of physical contact speak of the connection between people and remind him of the goodness of humanity. In “Incorporation,” he reflects on this again, saying that “often, our bodies are the bodies of others” (135).
All throughout his collection of essays, Gay is constantly finding reasons to believe in the inherent goodness of humanity and the interconnectivity of all people. He finds this most frequently while traveling when he sees people act in goodwill toward one another. In every moment of life, Gay believes humans are caring for one another and trust in one another, and common decency. Finally, he finds exceptional proof of goodness and connection in positive physical contact between strangers.
By Ross Gay