59 pages • 1 hour read
George SaundersA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Al Roosten waits nervously behind a screen while a “cheerleaderish blonde” pumps up a crowd at a charity bachelor auction for an organization called LaffKidsOffCrack, which uses clowns to promote an anti-drug message in schools. Al looks at Larry Donfrey, a realtor wearing a swimsuit, and considers his attractiveness, then recalls his teenage questioning of his own sexuality, which confirmed that he’s straight.
Donfrey heads on stage and is greeted by cheers. When Al walks down the runway, it is silent until someone gives him a “pity whoop” which becomes “a wave of mercy cheers” (91)/ Al interprets these as genuine—he thinks he has outperformed Donfrey, since he didn’t need to wear a swimsuit to get this level of applause.
Al is put in a cardboard jail cell with Donfrey, who he now feels affection for. Donfrey tries to comfort Al for his poor showing, which causes Al’s feelings about Donfrey to shift toward anger at his phoniness. Internally, Al mocks Donfrey’s wife and children as pale and waif-like. Al doesn’t have children, but he lives with his sister Meg and his three nephews, who are “[…] all-boy. And how. Possibly too much so” (95). He briefly thinks of his nephews as Nazis before empathizing with them because of their parents’ divorce. He pities Meg and worries that if he loses the shop he owns, which is a possibility, she will have to find more work.
As the silent auction begins, Al sneaks into the changing area and finds Donfrey’s clothes. Still angry, he kicks Donfrey’s wallet under some risers, considers confessing, and then kicks Donfrey’s keys underneath the risers, too.
Donfrey comes in talking about his child who is excited to finally have a surgery to correct a leg disability. Al overhears and considers empathizing, but he leaves anyway. While driving, he remembers his mother once telling him, “You have what is called moral courage. When you know something is right, you do it, no matter what the cost” (98). The memory troubles him, and he imagines his mother scolding him for kicking the wallet and keys.
Al pulls into a driveway and considers if he can go back without being blamed, imagining a scenario where he pretends to help search for the keys and wallet before suggesting they look under the risers, which leads to an invite to Donfrey’s home. His fantasy becomes more elaborate: He becomes close friends with the Donfreys in their mansion, and when he eventually reveals he is to blame, the Donfreys thinks it’s funny and a testament to his “moral courage” that he came back.
Al realizes he won’t go back, then imagines his mother comforting him: “Why beat yourself up about this and, in so doing, miss the beauty of the actual moment?” she asks (102). He drives off, and when his good mood is interrupted by thoughts of Donfrey’s child missing her surgery appointment, he declares it negative thinking and focuses on improving the shop he owns, which goes so well in his mind that he imagines himself running for mayor.
At the shop, Al sees unhoused people loitering and judges them. As Al wonders why he does anything, he imagines attacking one of them, giving him “a valuable lesson on how to behave” (106). When the man smiles at him, Al smiles back.
Al Roosten is a complicated, unsympathetic figure who has learned to rationalize any negative feelings he encounters as undeserved and external. Because of this, he’s unable to empathize with Donfrey or accurately interpret his failure at the bachelor auction, and his actions are rooted in a self-serving desire to soothe his bruised ego. Saunders portrays a fragility to his defense mechanisms, however: The narrative repeatedly shows thoughts wavering between positions before settling on the option that reasserts a worldview in which he’s blameless. When he thinks “Oh, why be mad at Donfrey? Donfrey hadn’t done anything to him. He’d just made a comment, trying to be nice. Trying to be charitable. To someone beneath him” (98), it’s Al’s realization that he occupies a lower social status than Donfrey that drives him to lash out. His desire to retaliate against the imagined slight prevents him from seeing that Empathy is Difficult but Necessary Work: he cannot accept the empathy of others, and he cannot empathize with them unless he feels superior to them, which is how he thinks of his role with Meg and her sons.
Another defense mechanism Al employs is his imagination, both through his mother and through picturing a world in which he is always heroically Doing the Right Thing and being rewarded accordingly. When he imagines talking to his mother, he vacillates between the version of her that always comforted him and falsely praised his “moral courage” and a version of her that holds him accountable. His desire to be loved and lovable drives these conversations, but in the end, “He knew it wasn’t really Mom in his head” (104); Al characterizes his mother in whichever way is most convenient for his feelings. The same is true of his imagined scenarios in which he becomes great friends with the Donfreys or fixes his shop so well he runs for mayor. He knows these are fantasies and that his moral courage is nonexistent.
In the final moment of the story, Al wants to punish someone who he believes is beneath him in order to reassert his power in the world. This desire for violence is a redirection of the self-loathing he feels. Though understated, the final line in which “The man gave Roosten a weak smile, and Roosten gave the man a weak smile back” (108) is a condemnation: The unhoused man living near Al’s shop is offering comfort and empathy in the moment Al wanted to beat him horribly.
By George Saunders
American Literature
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