Manfred

Do you agree with many critics’ suggestion that the relationship between Astarte and Manfred is implied to be incestuous? If so, why? If not, then what do you think might have caused Manfred to feel deep guilt?

Discuss the significance of Astarte’s spirit initially declining to speak to Manfred when she is conjured. How does Manfred interpret this silence? Do you agree with his interpretation? Why do you think Astarte finally speaks to Manfred?

What role does the Chamois Hunter serve for Manfred? Do the two characters have anything in common? How are the Chamois Hunter’s efforts to save Manfred different from the Abbot’s?

Consider the minor characters Herman and Manuel. What do they reveal about Manfred’s character, and what do they contribute to the play as a whole?

Describe the relationship between the Abbot of St. Maurice and Manfred. What does the Abbot highlight about Manfred’s character? Why do you think the Abbot returns a second time to see Manfred?

Explain how nature is described in Manfred. In what ways is nature comforting to the characters? In what ways does it seem dark or threatening?

Analyze the passages in which Manfred alludes to the history and imagery of Ancient Rome. Why do you think he makes these allusions, and how do they highlight some of the drama’s key themes?

Consider the supernatural elements and characters of Manfred, such as the Witch of the Alps, Arimanes, and Manfred’s use of spells. What sort of tone do these elements give the drama? Spooky? Serious? Religious? How does this tone support the drama’s themes?