logo

50 pages 1 hour read

Shea Ernshaw

Long Live the Pumpkin Queen: Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2022

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 16-20Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary

Because her last thought before stepping through the door in the library is that she is a queen, she arrives at the library at Buckingham palace. There, she finds an elderly lady asleep and covered in dream sand. The Sandman has already been here. Sally sees a portrait showing a younger version of the woman before her. A placard under the portrait reads, Queen Elizabeth II. Sally studies the Queen asleep with a pot of tea beside her, an ordinary woman—like her portrait but more real. Sally realizes that she, too, might be able to be both a queen and herself.

Sally leaves the castle and searches for a graveyard through which she can reach Halloween Town. The unimaginably vast City of London is sound asleep, people slumped everywhere, dusted with sand. She wanders through the city until she finds a graveyard with a mausoleum in it. She steps through the mausoleum door and into the cemetery in Halloween Town.

Chapter 17 Summary

Halloween Town is sleeping silently. The only sound is the distant crooning of the Sandman prowling the streets. Sally creeps to the garden behind Doctor Finkelstein’s house and gathers the herbs she needs to make a sleeping potion strong enough to affect the Sandman. She is creeping home again when the Sandman’s lullaby falls silent, and something dark and dreadful flashes by overhead. When it is gone, Sally slips into her own home and up the stairs, where she finds Jack still sleeping and the ghost dog Zero watching over him.

Downstairs, Sally brews a potion so strong it would put a woodland giant to sleep. The potion is a bright gruesome red, too obvious and visible a color. She takes the four-leaf clover given to her by the leprechaun from her pocket and drops it into the pot. It turns the potion bright green. Next, Sally sews six decoy rag dolls that look just like herself. Flitting through the town, she places them in ways that make them appear alive. She hears the Sandman find the first doll. When he discovers it is a decoy, he tears it apart in a rage.

While the sentiment is preoccupied with the decoys, Sally makes her way to the fountain in the middle of the village square and pours the clover-green brew into the water. She has barely done so when the Sandman destroys the last of the decoys and spots her. It is too soon. Sally should have made more decoys; she has no way to lure the Sandman into the poisoned fountain.

Approaching, he asks her how she has stayed hidden, and he calls her tricky, saying she is pretending to be a mere ragdoll. He blows dream sand in her face, and Sally breathes it in. It does not affect her. Sally tells him she’s pretending nothing. She is the Pumpkin Queen of Halloween Town: “I’m the one queen you won’t be able to put to sleep,” I say to him, my mouth gone flat, thinking of the human queen I met in the library (167-68).

All this time, Zero has been creeping up behind the Sandman. At this moment, he launches himself at the Sandman’s back. Sally throws herself backward just in time, and the Sandman stumbles into the fountain, sinking under the water. A moment later, he emerges, still awake. Sally is about to flee in despair when his eyes flutter shut, and he falls asleep.

Chapter 18 Summary

Just as Sally had hoped, with the Sandman asleep, the people of Halloween Town begin to wake. They mutter among themselves about the horror of dreamless sleep, saying it’s like falling into a black void. Sally rushes to Jack’s side, and he wakes, asking her why she is crying. Sally tells him everything—how he has been asleep for days, how she accidentally left the door to Dream Town open and let the Sandman out, how she found her real parents, and how Doctor Finkelstein kidnaped her as a child.

Jack, in his mercurial way, is first outraged about Doctor Finkelstein, then eager to meet Sally’s parents and see the world she came from. Leaving the people of Halloween Town to poke and prod the soundly sleeping Sandman, Jack and Sally pass through the grove of holiday trees and into the deeper woods to the door to Dream Town. They try the door, but it has gone dead, leaving only a hollow tree. The access to Dream Town is gone.

They return to the cemetery and the mausoleum that leads back to the human world. Jack proposes that they go there and check to ensure everyone has awakened. As he reaches for the door, it grinds open, and Sally’s parents emerge. They couldn’t bear to close the last door on Sally forever, and they realized it was wrong to leave her to fight the Sandman alone, so they persuaded the Dream Townspeople to wait to destroy the last door. Passing through the human world, they found everyone awake. Sally introduces them to her husband, and they realize that if Jack is awake, then the Sandman must be asleep.

Chapter 19 Summary

They return to Halloween Town, where the residents debate what to do with the Sandman—throw him over a cliff, squash or burn him, or lock him up. Jack introduces Sally’s parents and tells the townspeople that Sally was actually from Dream Town and Doctor Finkelstein kidnapped her. The townspeople are taken aback to learn that Sally is from another world, and Doctor Finkelstein tries to sneak away, but Jack tells him to stay right where he is.

Unfortunately, now they have waited too long to make up their minds about the Sandman, and he wakes up. However, he wakes up an entirely different person. Now he seems to be simply a gentle old man. He is astonished to wake up and remember his dreams. He has never slept or had dreams of his own before. It has made him feel quite rested and cheerful. He apologizes for getting a little carried away, putting everybody to sleep in all the worlds and stealing all their dreams. He agrees never to steal dreams again as long as Sally will continue to supply him with her potion so that he can sleep and have his own dreams. Sally agrees, and the Sandman pulls her into an enormous hug.

Chapter 20 Summary

The next day, Jack makes Dr. Finkelstein confess that he kidnapped Sally from Dream Town. He had gone there to study dreams sand and saw Sally. He had tried many times to make himself a daughter, and he thought if he brought Sally back, he could tell everyone he had made her himself and thus establish his reputation as a great scientist. He gave her a forgetting potion, and she never remembered her home again.

A furious Jack sentences Finkelstein to 100 years of community service in Dream Town, and Sally thinks that when Doctor Finkelstein returns from that, Jack will probably banish him to the screaming swamp. In the meantime, Sally is to have free access to Doctor Finkelstein’s garden to collect whatever she wants for making potions.

Sally and Jack visit all the other holiday worlds and find everyone awake and busy preparing for their holidays. The people of Halloween Town have just enough time to finish their preparations for the holiday. Sally sews her dress and designs her crown of iron and dove feathers. When Dr. Finkelstein kidnapped her, he removed her puffed-cotton stuffing and replaced it with dead leaves. Sally restuffs herself with a mix of the two—cotton from Dream Town and leaves from Halloween Town to represent who she was and who she has become–both dream and nightmare, Sally Skellington, the Pumpkin Queen.

Chapters 16-20 Analysis

Before confronting her parents, Sally had already declared herself queen of Halloween Town, but she hasn’t yet figured out quite how to shape that role to fit her. She recognizes that she will not be able to be a queen like Ruby Valentino or like the primped and pampered queen the people of Halloween Town envision. Her encounter with Queen Elizabeth provides her with a clue. She looks from the portrait of the flawless Queen to the grandmotherly old lady asleep in the library and sees finally how she can be the simple ragdoll girl who loves her husband and simultaneously the queen who guides and guards her kingdom.

The archetypal queen is both guide and guardian of her children–the people of her kingdom. She is both dream and nightmare, the gentle mother who soothes the child to sleep and the wrathful mother who defends her children. When Sally announces to the Sandman, “I’m the one queen you will not be able to put to sleep” (168), she positions herself as not merely the queen of Halloween Town but the queen of queens, the guardian of them all.

In the final chapter, Jack illustrates his role as the Pumpkin King. Where the queen is a guide and guardian, the king is a commander and judge. Jack has always been the commander, directing the town’s purpose. Now he sits in judgment. He judges Doctor Finkelstein and issues sentence and grants mercy to the Sandman, who was essentially non compos mentis when he committed his crimes.

Dr. Finkelstein confesses that he kidnapped Sally because he had been trying for years to make himself a daughter. This is one of the details that irritated some fans of the movie, as there was no indication in the film that Doctor Finkelstein regarded Sally as anything other than a servant/slave. However, the two narratives might be reconciled if Doctor Finkelstein’s definition of “daughter” is “unpaid servant.” That would be consistent with the fairy tale trope of the maiden whose needs and emotions are wholly subordinated to the requirements of the family/community. In those terms, the maiden is valued by the community only to the extent that she is of use to them. Her developmental task is to discover what she needs to be of use to herself.

At the story’s conclusion, Sally has integrated her two natures, symbolized by her new stuffing—her inner self—which combines the essence of Dream Town and Halloween Town, the place of dreams and the place of nightmares. She represents her new self by designing a crown that combines the iron of her will and the gentleness of dove feathers.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text