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52 pages 1 hour read

Raina Telgemeier

Guts: A Graphic Novel

Nonfiction | Graphic Memoir | Middle Grade | Published in 2019

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Pages 158-215Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Pages 158-177 Summary

At home, Raina’s dad comments that he heard from Lauren that Raina had begun to make jokes, which is a sign of progress. She shows her father and grandmother the comic strip she made with Jane about their family, for which she receives a tepid response. The one person who understands her art and humor, Telgemeier suggests, is Jane.

When Raina shows up at school the next day, she discovers Jane having a pleasant conversation with Michelle. Immediately, she gets very anxious. She asks Jane why she is being friendly with Michelle. Jane explains that Raina was not on the bus that morning, so she sat with Michelle instead. Jane comments that Michelle is actually nice. The next panels show Michelle and Jane bonding as friends: sharing jokes, passing notes, sharing food, sitting together on the bus, and—to Raina’s horror—even drawing cartoons together. Raina’s anxiety about Jane’s relationship with Michelle grows until she finds herself lying in bed, holding her stomach. She asks to stay home from school the next day, saying her stomach hurts. Raina spends the day lying on her bed, listening to music.

Raina’s mother takes her to see the doctor. The doctor pronounces that Raina is still quite healthy. Her diagnosis is IBS, an intermittent upset stomach. The doctor appears mystified when she tells Raina to avoid stressing out, and Raina and her mom burst out with laughter.

 

When Raina gets to school, Jane hands her an invitation to a slumber party. Raina sees that Michelle also has an invitation. When she starts to decline, Jane pleads with her to attend: “Please come. These are my last few weeks of living here. I want them to be good ones” (171-71). They discuss Jane’s new friendship with Michelle, who had been mean to them for years. Jane expresses the idea that perhaps puberty has changed Michelle into a nice person.

At their next session, Raina asks Lauren if puberty can make someone become a nice person. Lauren suggests that the growth accompanying puberty is emotional as well as physical. The counselor asks Raina how she feels about her life. In the next few panels, Telgemeier shows drawings that reveal how Raina has adapted to recent developments. While she has progressed in many areas, seeing Michelle and Jane together as friends breaks her heart. However, Raina believes she can deal with issues better despite fearing she might throw up. Lauren replies that throwing up is not necessarily within Raina’s control, though she can prepare her to cope with the fear.

Pages 178-193 Summary

On a Tuesday, the time comes for Raina to do her next in-class presentation. She tells herself to breathe as she goes to the front of the room and says she is going to talk about the mind and the body. After explaining how the mind and body are intimately connected, Raina leads the class through breathing exercises. She teaches her classmates how to focus on planting their feet and breathing to overcome their fear. She makes it through the presentation without feeling afraid. The exercise seems to calm everyone in the class except for Michelle, who turns away from her.

A series of cartoons show Raina and Jane sitting in class together, and then noticing Michelle is absent. They joke about why she might be gone. However, she is still gone the next day and the next day. Mr. Abrams comes to class with a note saying Michelle is in the hospital. She had intestinal surgery. Students ask how she is doing. Mr. Abrams gives only minimal information to guard Michelle’s privacy. Most importantly, she will not return to class before the end of the year. Part of Raina wants to celebrate, though another part of her overrules that feeling. Raina tells Mr. Abrams she has an idea. Telgemeier draws pictures of the class putting Raina’s idea into action: The entire class takes computer paper and makes a giant get-well card that will wrap around the entire inside of Michelle’s room. They use a large roll of butcher paper, placing the computer paper on top of it to create the poster that says, “Michelle Get Well Soon, Love Room 5” (194).

Pages 194-211 Summary

Raina joins several other girls at Jane’s home for the end-of-school slumber party. They play games, eat pizza with cheese and artichokes, watch movies, and eat popcorn. Dina suggests they should play the game Skeletons in the Closet, where everyone tells their deepest, darkest secret. Raina is not sure she wants to do that. Dina goes first, saying she got her period: “I kind of knew what to expect. But it’s still super weird” (197).

Jane asks Raina what her secret is. After some internal wrestling, Raina finally says she is going to therapy. One after another, each girl shares how they or someone in their family is in therapy. Jane hugs Raina and begins to cry. Jane says she will miss them so much when she moves. It comes to light that Raina was the only one of the girls who knew Jane was moving. Jane kept it to herself because she had a hard time accepting it.

The girls decide to call Michelle, who is still in the hospital. As the others speak to Michelle, Raina sits alone, uncertain. Jane eventually hands her the phone, saying it is her turn. Taking a deep breath, Raina begins to talk to Michelle, telling her she is glad she is okay. Michelle relates that this was her third intestinal surgery. Raina asks if she was so scared that she threw up. Michelle says she was nervous but used the breathing exercise Raina taught the class to help calm herself before surgery.

Michelle and Raina talk about their stomach issues. As they continue to speak, they discover they have many things in common. As they prepare to hang up, Raina tells Michelle she has guts. Michelle replies that she will see her in middle school.

After the phone call, the girls make ice cream sundaes, dance, and try on makeup. Raina tells Jane that her mother said she would drive Raina to Jane’s new house anytime. Jane excitedly describes all the things they can do together. Finally, all the girls fall asleep.

Pages 212-215 Summary

These pages comprise Telgemeier’s appreciations and her Author’s Note. She explains that the narrative is largely historically accurate. The author relates that she has dealt with anxiety and IBS for most of her life. She continues to use different therapies to cope:

I’ve learned to accept that there is nothing medically wrong with my stomach. I just have a sensitive system and must be careful about what I eat. My anxiety also affects how my body feels! So when I’m stressed out, I’m more likely to have digestive issues (215).

She closes her remarks by encouraging anyone who struggles with fear or coping with issues they do not understand to discuss these problems rather than keeping them to themselves.

Pages 158-215 Analysis

The third section begins with one of the minor characters, Raina’s father, making a telling observation. He notes that Lauren told Raina’s parents that Raina is making jokes during therapy sessions. Happily, he adds that this is “a sign of progress” (158). Readers might denote this third section of the book as the “progress” portion of the narrative. As Lauren expresses to Raina, her problems are never completely conquered. Yet, she may make progress in managing and overcoming them. Raina does make real progress in dealing with her many worlds and the life issues she faces in this section.

A series of text-free panels captures the essence of Raina’s progress in this section. Lauren asks Raina how she is experiencing her life. Through drawings without words, Raina describes coping with her father’s snoring by wearing ear plugs; she hugs her grandmother as she moves out of the apartment bound for her new retirement community; she and Jane delight in drawing family comic strips; she unabashedly loves kimchi (174-75). She goes on in those panels to describe the literal pain she feels in her stomach when she sees Jane and Michelle laughing with one another. In the book’s final depiction of a therapy session, Lauren points out that painful, uncertain circumstances will continue to occur. However, Raina has the tools to manage them.

Also revealing Raina’s progress in another tangible way is her final solo presentation. She stands before her class and admits that she suffers from debilitating fear. She shows the students how to calm their fears by rooting their feet on the floor and breathing deeply. The only student who seems not to respond positively to this lesson is Michelle, who mysteriously disappears from class the next day.

In terms of expanding the meaning of the narrative through her art, Telgemeier reveals Raina’s finest example of Self-Expression Through Art in this third section after Mr. Abrams explains to the class that Michelle’s sudden disappearance is the result of having intestinal surgery. Therefore, she will not return before the end of the school year. Raina quiets an inner voice that wants to rejoice in Michelle’s absence and steps up to suggest something the entire class can do to express their care for Michelle. Without explanatory text, the artist depicts students, guided by Raina, taking a great roll of butcher paper, continuous computer paper, and markers and creating a giant get-well card. In the final panel, Raina stands, hands on hips, observing their work approvingly as the artist who guided it to completion.

The final scene of the narrative, Jane’s slumber party, combines several wordless panels of Raina’s three best friends rejoicing at the end of the school year and delighting in each other’s company. This is also an occasion for several ironic revelations. Lured into playing Skeletons in the Closet, Raina tells the others that she is in therapy, only to learn that each of the others is either in therapy or has a close loved one who is. Finally, Jane calls Michelle in the hospital, each girl taking a turn to speak to her. Reluctantly, Raina takes the last turn. Michelle expresses real gratitude for the card and the breathing exercise Raina taught the class to help them overcome their fear. As their conversation ends, Raina solemnly tells Michelle that she has guts. Readers may note that to act benevolently toward Michelle by making the get-well card, speaking to her on the phone, and genuinely wishing her well, Raina also had guts.

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