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Paulo CoelhoA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Maria arrives exhausted from the long flight and frightened by the realization that she is totally dependent on Roger. Roger, who suddenly becomes aloof, turns her over to his employee, a Brazilian national named Vivian, who informs Maria that she should have asked a lot more questions before signing the contract. The majority of the money she earns goes toward living expenses she must pay. She learns it will be a year before she has enough money to take a return flight to Brazil. She discovers that there are six young Brazilian women dancing a Swiss version of the samba in Roger’s club. Vivian tells her that all the other women, like her, are there for adventure, money, or to find a husband, and she pours cold water on all those dreams. In her diary, Maria writes that all the dancers are unhappy. She is resolved not to be depressed, saying, “I can choose either to be a victim of the world or an adventurer in search of treasure. It’s all a question of how I view my life” (37).
This brief chapter records Maria’s ongoing emotional attempts to come to terms with her situation. Though the conditions are depressing, she is determined to be different from the other Brazilian women, who she discovers have the same complaints and relationships as her girlfriends back in Brazil. Determined to overcome the sameness of her life, she writes in her diary, “I will die here. But before I die, I want to fight for life. If I can walk on my own, I can go wherever I like” (41).
Maria ventures into the world around her by signing up for French lessons. She begins to explore the area. After three months, she begins an affair with an Arabian national in her French class. When she takes an excursion with him to the mountains outside Geneva, missing a workday in the process, Roger fires her. The Arabian national convinces her that Switzerland has restrictive labor laws, and Maria should explain to Roger she is going to go to the police and claim she was Roger’s slave. Roger responds by unhappily giving her $5000 in severance. Quickly she finds that the Arabian national is also gone, which is actually a relief to her since she feared he would demand she change her religion.
Newly freed from the boarding house where she lived and her demanding job, Maria decides to pursue the career of a model and spends a lot of her severance getting a professional portfolio. She receives no interest from any potential employer. She also draws no attention from strangers regardless of where she goes in the city, which is dismaying until she finds the reasons for it. Coelho writes, “she began to doubt her looks, until an ex-colleague, whom she bumped into by chance in the café, told her that it wasn’t her fault, it was a fault of the Swiss, who hate to bother anyone, and of other foreigners, who were all afraid of being arrested for sexual harassment—a concept that made relations between men and women even more complicated” (46-47).
As she slowly spends her severance money, Maria tries to read celebrity magazines, which she realizes are too expensive. Instead, she goes to the library, befriends a lonely librarian, and begins to read French language books like The Little Prince.
After two months of waiting, someone from one of the modeling agencies calls to ask if she will meet an Arabian client at an exclusive restaurant to plan a photoshoot. When he propositions her, saying, “If you come up and have a drink with me in my hotel room, I’ll give you a thousand francs” (52), Maria instantly understands what has happened. As she wrestles with what to do, she begins to cry, which frightens the client. She steadies him by asking for more wine and eventually suggests they leave for his room, where they have a perfunctory sexual experience.
The next day she reflects on these events in her diary, writing:
Like most people—I let fate choose which route I should take. I’m not the only one, even though my fate may put me outside the law, outside society. In the search for happiness, however, we are all equal: none of us is happy—not the banker/musician, the dentist/writer, the checkout girl/actress, or the housewife/model (55-56).
This chapter is focused on Maria’s self-perception, her decision-making inner monologue, and the “invisible woman,” who dialogues with her to warn her, “be careful, things were not as simple as she imagined” (58). After receiving money to have sex for the first time, Maria has a feeling of freedom beyond what she had known. She toys with the idea of buying a plane ticket back to Brazil, but she decides not to since those close to her will assume she failed at becoming a worldly person and business success. She decides to look up a nightclub in an area called the Rue de Berne that she had heard was less “family friendly” than Roger’s club, a location where men could make contact with sex workers.
Though still uncertain about her decision to become a sex worker, Maria sets out to learn all she can about erotic sexuality, quickly finding there are a few library books about the mechanism of sex but none about the enjoyment of sex. She buys pornographic magazines and, in the morning, locates the street where the adult nightclubs are.
That night she goes into a club with a Brazilian name, Copacabana, and asks the owner, Milan, about work. He checks her work permit and tells her to speak to the other sex workers. Maria goes through a sort of vetting process with the others, one of whom seems impressed with her ignorance and honesty and says, “Look, it’s very simple, you just have to stick to three basic rules. First: never fall in love with anyone you work with or have sex with. Second: don’t believe any promises and always get paid upfront. Third: don’t use drugs” (66). Milan explains to her how her business is to be conducted, how she should dress, and how she will pay him for using the club as her staging area.
Maria decides she must have at least one customer that evening or she will be unable to try again in the future. She ends up having two encounters, netting her 600 francs after paying Milan 100. She walks home afterward in a daze, feeling emotionally empty, though proud that she did not back out of her decision. Writing about it in her diary, she recognizes she has to divorce her dreams of love from the work she is doing, even though she cannot abandon the idea of love. She writes: “I need to write about love. I need to think and think and write and write about love—otherwise, my soul won’t survive” (74).
This brief chapter primarily describes Maria’s philosophical reflections about her new profession. As she is acquiring new skills, she strives to understand what motivated her “colleagues” (75) to become sex workers. Maria hears no new answers to the question and ultimately decides none of the women—including herself—are being completely truthful about why they are choosing this life. Among the answers, Coelho writes, “… the most common one, to earn money for their fare home (Colombians, Thais, Peruvians, Brazilians all love this reason, even though they had earned enough money several times over and then immediately spent it, afraid to realize their dream)” (76).
This chapter summarizes Maria’s work experience over the following six months. She intentionally grows more skilled at pleasing her customers and learning how to get additional tips from them. She builds a faithful clientele, in large measure because she is learning how to comfort and advise these men, most of whom ask her for advice and desperately want to talk to someone whether they want to engage in sexual activity. Thus, Maria schools herself in finance, self-help, and family therapy.
While she is saving 60,000 francs in a bank account, she learns the career arc of the sex worker in which younger women with less experience actually make more money than older, more skilled women. Maria perceives she is fortunate in several respects. Coelho writes, “The Copacabana was a quiet place, and Switzerland was possibly the best country in the world in which to work as a prostitute, as long as you had a resident permit and a work permit, kept all your papers in order and paid your Social Security” (79-80).
Maria continues to keep alive the hope of true love symbolically by refusing to kiss her clients. Coelho writes, “For a prostitute, the kiss was sacred. Nyah had taught her to keep her kisses for the love of her life, just like in the story of Sleeping Beauty; a kiss that would waken her from slumbers and return to the world of fairy tales, in which Switzerland was once more the country of chocolate, cows and clocks” (82).
This chapter is devoted to describing Maria’s clients and her relationships with them. Maria excels at grasping the individual needs of these men, manipulating them to her best advantage, and moving on with a clear mind and heart after being with them. Still, she sympathizes with them. Maria has become a master of creating sexual relief for even the most inhibited and anxious of her clients.
She recognizes that the amount of time actually spent in sexual activity—which is only a small portion of the hour she agrees to be with each man—is about 11 minutes. These few minutes, she understands, are respite for the men. From this, she deduces that something is wrong with humanity. Coelho writes,
Something was very wrong with civilization, and it wasn’t the destruction of the Amazon rainforest or the ozone layer, the death of the panda, cigarettes, carcinogenic foodstuffs or prison conditions, as the newspapers would have it. It was precisely the thing she was working with: sex (86).
While she made it a priority to avoid falling in love with any of her clients, within the first two months of working at the Copacabana she receives several marriage proposals, three being credible. Wisely, her only intimate relationship is with her diary. Maria toys with the idea of writing a book on what she has learned about human beings by being a sex worker. She dreams of calling it 11 Minutes.
She conceives of three distinct groupings of her clients, each labeled with the name of a Hollywood Movie. The “Exterminators,” who are brusque, self-absorbed, and ready for action; the “Pretty Woman” clients, who portray themselves as well-mannered gentlemen; and the “Godfathers,” who mostly objectify the women with whom they have purchased an adventure.
In Chapter 8 of this section, Coelho writes that, when she was younger, Maria read The Alchemist, though he does not identify it by name. He says, “In Brazil she had read a book about a shepherd who, in searching for his treasure, encounters various difficulties, and these difficulties help him to get what he wants; she was in the exact same position” (45). This yokes Eleven Minutes to several of the common themes that run through his novels, in particular that human life is a pilgrimage, the major task of which is to understand the world in which you have been placed in every possible way.
Coelho begins Chapter 9 by describing Maria as someone who is intellectually capable of wisdom that she cannot put into action: “Although she was quite capable of writing very wise thoughts, she was quite incapable of following her own advice” (49). He demonstrates this in his description of Maria’s feeling of being alone and uncertain when she is propositioned by the businessman. He writes, “At that moment, she realized that she had no one, absolutely no one in the world she could talk to; she was alone in a strange city, a relatively experienced 22-year-old, but none of her experience could help her decide what would be the best response” (52).
Chapter 10 is the first chapter to deal overtly with Maria’s decision to resort to paid sex work. Readers may note that Coelho does not use current terminology to describe these activities. Rather than saying Maria is a sex worker, he refers to her as a “prostitute.” The term “sex worker” is used only once in the novel, when Ralf asks her in Chapter 15 if that is her profession. Though Coelho is aware of the more acceptable term, sex worker, he continues to use the term “prostitute.” Likely he does this in part to embrace the history and intricacy of what he refers to several times in the novel as “the world’s oldest profession.” This is one element of his thematic attempt to de-objectify sex workers and express the reality of their complex, historical presence as universal members of every society.
When Maria goes to the Copacabana Club on Rue de Berne in Chapter 11 and starts speaking to Milan, the owner of the club, they speak in French. Yet Milan immediately recognizes Maria is Brazilian. This implies that many of the sex workers who end up in Switzerland are of Brazilian descent. Coelho eventually lists the variety of national backgrounds represented by the sex workers simply at the Copacabana. He never suggests that any of these women are native to Switzerland. By implication, these are all women seeking to improve upon the lives they lived in their native lands.
While Maria still feels uncertain about selling sexual services, she goes through a sort of initiation with the other half-dozen Brazilian women who use the club as their staging area. Maria is bolstered by agreeing to the rules presented and having a fuller understanding of what to expect. Coelho writes,
Instead of feeling depressed, she felt proud that she was fighting for herself, she wasn’t some helpless person. She could, if she wanted to, open the door and leave that place for good, but she would always know that she had at least had the courage to come that far, to negotiate and discuss things about which she had never in her life even dare to think (70).
In this way, as he writes about Maria entering into a rarified world beyond her imagining, Coelho is introducing readers to that same world, intentionally revealing the doubts, thought processes, and exhilaration of someone mastering a skillset that most readers would regard as shameful. His intention is less to justify the world of sex workers, to demonstrate what Maria is facing, and to acknowledge that these are quandaries faced by most sex workers. Readers may want to remember, however, that unlike Maria many sex workers are trafficked against their will.
Coelho paints the Swiss people as being well-regimented and intent on following the laws and social customs. One aspect of this is Milan’s insistence that the women working in his club follow his guidelines, which maintains a degree of respectability. That the workers are required by the government to have monthly disease screening is indicative of the Swiss national attitude and regulation of sex work.
Maria’s questioning of the other sex workers in Chapter 12 is really a form of self-examination. She realizes, as she hears the other woman give their reasons for being sex workers, that they are not entirely being honest, that some other significant reasons for their decisions lurk below the surface. When she recognizes this about the other women, she realizes it is true also about herself. The author does not hint at what that underlying truth may be but seems to indicate several things about the realities of these sex workers: They hold a powerful sway in the lives of their clients; though they are bound by heavy social and legal restrictions, they are free in ways most businesswomen are not; and, in being beneath the typical regimen of social customs, they are not bound by the perceptions of proper behavior that restrict the actions of ordinary society.
Chapter 13 continues to portray Maria as bright and extremely inquisitive. Her constant exposure to many different men allows her to compare them, thus discovering how they differ and in what respects they are very much alike. Still a very young woman, Maria achieves many deep, significant realizations about men. For instance, she notes that virtually every man who comes to the club is frightened. These clients try different ways of coping with their fears. She writes in her diary,
Men are very strange, and I don’t just mean the ones who come to the Copacabana, but all the men I’ve ever met. They can beat you up, shout at you, threaten you, and yet they’re scared to death of women really. Perhaps not the woman they married, but there’s always one woman who frightens them and forces them to submit to her caprices. Even if it is their own mother (83).
In his Afterword, Coelho reveals the title of this novel was pirated from the American author Irving Wallace, who wrote a novel about fighting against censorship of books with sexual subjects. Wallace’s title referred to his notion that sexual intercourse typically lasts for seven minutes. Coelho says, “I felt Wallace had made a rather conservative estimate of the time involved, and so decided to increase it” (271). The author uses Maria in Chapter 14 as the vehicle for advancing his idea that sexual activities usually last for 11 minutes.
By Paulo Coelho