54 pages • 1 hour read
Bruce OlsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The narrative resumes at a later, unspecified time, with Olson being told that Bobby’s daughter is sick and has been taken to a hospital in Tibú. Bobby brings her there but returns shortly after to take care of his pregnant wife Atacadara, so Olson sets off for the hospital. Four days later, Olson arrives, but Bobby’s daughter dies the next day. Bobby goes into a period of intense mourning following this death in what Olson describes as his first real trial as a Christian. Eventually, he recovers, grows closer to his wife than ever, and becomes more dedicated to helping others. Olson recounts an example of when they encounter a boy named Odo (an orphaned troublemaker) at another communal home. Bobby adopts Odo and helps him morally improve.
Olson believes that this period is one of the high points of his life. Bobby was coming into the position of leader of the Barí, developments were occurring across the tribes, and Christianity was becoming widespread. One day, Bobby asks Olson if they can translate the Bible into the Barí language. Using Olson’s biblical knowledge and Bobby’s understanding of Barí culture, they start the process of translating the Book of Mark. The first step is to devise a written script for the Barí language; then they need to make the phrases meaningful to Barí culture. To do this, they often change names or details into something that the Barí can understand. For example, the parable of the man who built his house on rocks is changed to sand, as to the Barí, houses should be built on sand to be solid. Olson defends changing the Gospel by saying that Jesus clarified truths to his followers through parables, so he would surely want his truths clarified to the Barí.
They soon begin teaching writing to the children, but the tribal elders stop this, as they do not believe children should know something that they do not. This frustrates Olson, but a month later, they begin teaching the elders, and the restrictions on teaching the children are lifted. A rule is implemented among the Barí that whenever someone reads a verse, another must ask a question about it. If the reader cannot answer the question, they must read the verse again.
During the first five or six years Olson is with the Barí, he has little contact with the outside world. However, while working on the translation of the Book of Mark, he brings a radio to the communal home. Newspapers seek to interview him as he rejoins society, and Olson claims he changed public perception of the Barí through these interviews. At about that time, a large prison break leads to many prisoners moving into Barí territory. They begin to contest the control of the area while other settlers vacillate between the two sides. Olson hopes that Christianity will mitigate the damage done by contact with the outside world, which has destroyed many tribes.
For Olson, something good comes out of contact with the outside world: Gloria. They meet first in 1965 after one of Olson’s trips to Tibú to collect medicine. She and her brother ask Olson if they can come into the jungle with him to help the Barí. Despite his initial resistance, he agrees to let them join, and once there, Gloria makes an impression on the Barí by her skill at spearfishing. When she is leaving, she asks Olson how she can help more, to which Olson says she will need to become a doctor to help with the medical facilities. Five years later, they meet again. It turns out Gloria has taken his advice and is studying medicine so she can help the Barí. From that point on, Olson visits her whenever he is in Bogotá and talks to her over the radio when he is not. Olson records one time when she tells him that she can only identify with the suffering of Jesus, not the love. She is worried that she cannot rise from her suffering as Jesus did. Olson comforts her by saying that she can by accepting God, as he will rise for her. Later, at a cathedral, she seems to have an experience similar to Olson’s boyhood revelation. To graduate from medical school, Gloria is required to give one year of free service to a rural region in Colombia. Gloria goes to the medical facility for the Barí established in Tibú, and within a few weeks, she and Olson are engaged.
When Olson is staying with Gloria in Tibú, he receives word that there has been a measles outbreak among the Barí. Olson gathers all the medicine he can, leaving the next day. Once he arrives at a communal home, he sees the extent of the outbreak; few seem to be healthy, most have been without food or water for around five days, and human waste is everywhere. With the help of Bobby and a few others, Olson treats as many as possible, resting for little more than three hours a night for the three weeks when the endemic is at its peak. Around 700 people are eventually treated for measles or its side effects, but amazingly, only one person, a little girl whom they treated, dies.
The next day, he leaves the jungle to try to raise funds for more medicine. When he returns, Adjibacbayra is deathly ill and falls into a coma-like sleep. Waking from it at one point, he tells Olson that he had a dream in which Jesus called him by his real name and told him to come home. He died after saying God was summoning him to a path he had not been before and Jesus, his true friend, was guiding him.
Jumping forward several months, Olson describes waking up one day to the sound of rain over the communal home. He has been spending his time since then with Gloria in Tibú, writing a linguistic paper on the Barí language, or relaxing with Bobby. Roughly an hour after he wakes up, he hears loud noises from outside. Two men in a canoe are shouting for help in crossing the river, which is unusually high because of the rain. When they are safely across the river and inside the communal home, they give Olson a packet of letters. He sees in the letters that Gloria has died in a car accident two weeks before. Olson wants to go to Bogotá, but the rain means they cannot safely go on the river.
By three o’clock in the morning, Olson decides he can no longer wait. He and Bobby set off downriver, but soon, a log knocks them into a whirlpool. Olson is unable to get back to the canoe and is only rescued when a Barí man holds a log out into the river for him to grab. By the time he is on the shore, Bobby and the canoe have both gone missing. Olson thinks that he has killed Bobby in his haste to get to Bogotá until he finally finds him downriver holding onto the canoe. The rest of the trip passes without further incident, and Bobby leaves Olson at the airport, asking him to pass on his condolences and come back soon.
Olson spends three days with Gloria’s mother and then flies back to the US for three weeks to discuss the publication of Bruchko. His return to Colombia marks the beginning of the book; Bobby picks him up from the airport, and Humberto Abril threatens to kill them for the cross. More threats follow for the next few months while Olson and Bobby continue the work of translating the Bible. When translating a section about dying in Jesus’s image, Olson becomes worried about Bobby’s fate, as Bobby says that he would die like Jesus.
Three quiet weeks pass, and Bobby goes downriver to sell bananas with two others. When they do not return, Olson joins a group that sets out to search. After a while of searching, they arrive at a different communal home, where they are told that Bobby has been killed and the people with him are badly hurt. A man named Israel had called Bobby to come over to him when he was going upriver. As Bobby docked, a man with a shotgun came out of the nearby trees. He struggled with one of Bobby’s companions and then shot Bobby and the third companion. Bobby fell into the river, and his two wounded friends saw him floating face down, but they could not get to him because more armed settlers emerged from the woods. They had been waiting in ambush for Bobby.
Olson tries to get the authorities involved. As he is going downriver, someone fires a shotgun at him, but it misses. The military and police are both uninterested in helping, so Olson goes back to the Barí. Throughout that night, settlers have been attacking Barí homes. Olson spends time searching for Bobby in case he is alive but eventually sees his corpse on the river. When they put Bobby’s body in the boat to take it away, they are again shot at, with Olson receiving a wound in the leg. As they arrive back at Bobby’s communal home, they see several hundred armed Barí who have come because of Bobby’s death. Bobby is buried in the traditional Barí manner, in a hammock put high in trees for vultures to eat. Olson watches the vultures devour the body, reflecting that he had thought the practice barbaric but now wishes to join Bobby. Many from the communal home gather, and Olson suggests they pray. Odo, Bobby’s adopted son, leads the prayer and describes Bobby’s role in spreading Christianity, agriculture, and medicine, ending with a request that Bobby’s legacy be continued through their lives. In a rare show of public grief, many in the crowd begin to cry, and one compares Bobby to Jesus: As Jesus died for all mankind, Bobby has died for the Barí.
For the next three weeks, Olson is stuck in the jungle while recovering. Many Barí trails have been booby-trapped, and people lay in wait on the river. When Olson leaves, he has to set out on a journey over the mountains. Halfway through the trip, he sees a helicopter that has been sent to collect him by the President of Colombia. He spends a week in Bogotá before meeting a government minister. The minister comforts him about Bobby’s death, telling him that Bobby’s role in spreading Christianity and development means that the Barí will have a better chance of fending off the settlers. Olson questions why working for God has proven so difficult and painful, but then sees a mental image of Jesus carrying the cross. He realizes that it was for the cross that he struggled.
The Epilogue was written 15 years after Olson went to South America. It summarizes how he converted the Barí and provides an update on what has happened to them since. By this time, Olson says there are 10 health centers, 2 clinics, 18 bilingual schools, and 11 agricultural centers. All are staffed by Barí, and seven children from the schools have been given scholarships to attend higher education. Olson thanks the Christians who have donated in some way to help his goals, telling them that with their help, 7,441 patients have been treated in Barí health facilities.
Olson ends the book with an anecdote: When Odo was in America, someone asked him the difference between their Jesus and his. He answered that the Barí Jesus does not live in buildings but is with them always.
The final chapters move the story away from the conversion of the Barí to how the Barí interacted with the outside world following Olson’s mission. By this point in the narrative, Olson has succeeded in his mission; the Barí are now largely Christian, and they are experiencing technological growth. But while he has completed his goals, Olson shows in these chapters that the Barí conversion to Christianity did not end the challenges they faced. To emphasize the change of focus in the book, the setting becomes more varied. Since Chapter 8, most of Olson’s story has taken place in the Andes or the jungle, with the periods he lives in modern society covered only briefly. By the final chapters, Olson is in cities or interacting with non-Indigenous people for much of the time. The pivot demonstrates the difference in the life of the Barí since Olson met them. Just as the Barí are no longer confined to their traditional lives in the jungle, Olson and the narrative are not confined to the jungle. Since the publication of the book, the new challenges that the Barí faced have not destroyed them; indeed they were adapting to the world. Olson makes a point of thanking Christians who helped in this effort to create the feeling of a communal need among believers to support the Barí past the end of the narrative he has created.
Structurally, the return of the narrative to the point Olson began allows him to pay off what he had set up earlier, but with an increased impact because of the emotional investment created in the book. The death of Bobby, which Olson foreshadowed in the first chapter, is the final major plot point through which Olson shows Bobby’s dedication to Christianity and, thereby, the success of his mission.
Thematically, The Importance of Living in Accordance with Faith plays a large role at the end of the book, as Olson suggests what a life led with faith should look like. To do this, he depicts Bobby and Abril as opposed figures who both profess Christianity and compares their virtue. Before Bobby dies, Olson emphasizes that Bobby had become an excellent Christian and went out of his way to better the lives of those around him, as demonstrated by his adoption of Odo. When Bobby is murdered, he is directly compared to Jesus as a man who sacrificed himself for the good of people. Abril, conversely, appears to claim that he lives in accordance with his faith, as he threatens murder “[f]or this cross” (193). Olson makes it clear that the violence stems from greed instead of belief. Bobby’s benevolent Christian action is held up as more impactful, as he helped Olson fundamentally change the Barí and defend their land from further encroachments. It is through Bobby’s legacy that Olson exemplifies what a life lived according to faith can achieve, while Abril shows how life without meaningful faith leads to moral corruption.
At the end of the narrative, Olson himself questions the purpose of living with faith when it causes hardship and death. His realization that adherence to faith through difficult times is the model for Christian behavior set by Jesus is thematically critical. It demonstrates his view that living “for the cross” (205), as Abril claims to, means persisting in attempts to help others regardless of loss or struggle. Linked to this is the theme of The Transformative Power of Personal Connections because it is through faith that Olson can deal with the loss of his two most important connections: Gloria and Bobby. Moreover, it is the personal connection with religion that Olson continues to stress, as shown by the final anecdote of the book being Odo’s claim that the Barí can connect to Jesus anywhere instead of just in churches. Olson’s relation of living with faith to personal connections continues to manifest, with faith both acting as a comfort in difficult times and a thing with which a person should try to relate to outside of institutions.
Olson’s discussion of The Complexities of Cross-Cultural Missionary Work is less emphasized in this final set of chapters, as the Barí have already been converted, but it still present. It is especially observable in Chapters 20 and 24, where Olson and Bobby translate the Bible. Olson again defends his localization of Christianity by comparing the changes he made to the Gospel to parables from Jesus; concessions to make the word of God comprehensible. He again emphasizes that despite reservations people may have, this is an effective way of proselytizing.