59 pages • 1 hour read
Jayne AllenA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Through her main characters, Allen explores external and internal pressures that women, particularly Black women, must face when considering whether to have children. Tabby’s diagnosis of premature ovarian failure exacerbates the existing struggles that women face; she experiences her most fertile period in tandem with her crucial career-building years and must come to terms with the fact that her window for having a child is much smaller than she supposed. Tabby acknowledges that modern men are put off by women who are more focused on building families than on building their careers. Simultaneously, Tabby’s mother asserts that Marc would be better prepared for a more substantial commitment if Tabby “put less focus on [her] career for a second and more focus on him” (57). These interactions prove that the society in which Tabby lives does not support her journey to become a mother, even though she is still expected to become one. At 33 years old, Tabby feels shamed and belittled—even sometimes by the people closest to her—for not having children.
Tabby’s interactions with Lisa Sinclair highlight the various inequities that disadvantage women in the workforce and healthcare systems. After Scott Stone interrupts Tabby and dismisses her perspective as “limited,” Lisa privately commiserates, “I had to always fight the guys for the better stories—and if it involved sports, well, you could forget it” (34). Lisa’s experience reflects the disparity in workplace advancement between men and women, a dynamic that results in lower salaries and fewer opportunities for leadership positions. With rising healthcare expenses and childcare costs, families can no longer afford both parents to work full-time jobs, and the lower-wage earners (almost always women) must sacrifice their careers to become full-time caregivers. Lisa also points out how Viagra, a medication to treat erectile dysfunction, is covered by their company’s healthcare plan while infertility treatments for women are not. Lisa advocates for a better insurance plan, a battle that Tabby doesn’t feel comfortable taking on for fear of losing her job. Had Lisa not secured this change, Tabby would have paid $35,000 out of pocket for egg retrieval and freezing, sacrificing her dreams of owning a home.
In a further exploration of this dominant theme, Laila identifies the traditional pressure to tie maternity and parenthood to a woman’s identity and self-worth and the shame that women can feel from pregnancy prevention or pregnancy loss. Laila also explains how Tabby must ask the pharmacist for Plan B, a nonprescription form of emergency birth control that is, once again, not covered by insurance. The lack of discretion and understated judgment involved in purchasing the medication embarrasses Tabby, who ultimately decides not to buy it. After Laila attempts to die by suicide, Tabby visits her in the hospital, and Laila explains, “I’m ashamed. […] I lost my baby” (268). Laila’s deep distress in this moment illustrates the unfair burden that women carry as the bearers of children. Allen uses this scene to demonstrate that women can be unjustly blamed for miscarriage and as a result, they can suffer a sense of shame and disgrace on top of their grief. Laila’s story demonstrates the common misconception that women who miscarry are responsible for this occurrence, when in reality, miscarriage is an uncontrollable phenomenon.
In this context, the character of Marc represents the societal and internal pressures that men face to become fathers. Though he remains vague about the prospect of marriage and children, Marc encourages Tabby to pursue her career and limits their casual relationship to weekend dates. Marc also struggles to move past his own traumatic upbringing with an abusive father who was addicted to alcohol, for this experience has dampened his ambition to raise children. His mixed emotions about parenthood interfere with his love life and his ability to commit to a life partner. Like Paul, Tabby’s father, Marc struggles to sort through conflicting emotions, though he is expected to know exactly what he wants. Thus, Allen explores many different angles of the societal expectations that surround the issues of pregnancy.
Tabby’s first-person narration illustrates how intersectionality issues complicate all aspects of her life. In the professional sphere, Scott Stone embodies a prime example of the intersectionality challenges that face women of color. He frequently interrupts Tabby during meetings and dismisses her perspective as being limited, and his rudeness in this setting demonstrates the cultural norm that encourages men to be assertive at the expense of their colleagues. However, Tabby’s reticence at the prospect of pushing back illustrates the reality that when women exhibit similar behavior, they can often be labeled as aggressive and pushy. Scott even goes so far as to invade Tabby’s personal space and adopt a condescending attitude when he touches her arm and tells her, “I mean, you can’t cover sports, we know that, and you’re always bringing up […] urban issues, in areas that most of our viewers don’t even care about” (182). With this problematic comment, Scott reveals his ignorant and prejudiced perspective, but when Tabby garners the news station the national spotlight and an Emmy award for her coverage of a racist incident of police violence, her perspective is vindicated even as she reveals Scott’s outlook to be fundamentally flawed. Chris’s choice to offer the promotion to Tabby instead of Scott also reflects recent improvements in workplace intersectionality complications, but despite these advancements, the issues remain far from resolved.
Moreover, Tabby’s daily interactions highlight the unique struggles that women of color face while simply existing in the modern world. For example, Tabby decides to peruse cosmetics while waiting for the pharmacy section of a drug store to clear out, and while she is there, security is called to watch her shop. Seeing this blatant evidence of systemic racism, Tabby suddenly “felt tired—too tired to wait. I decided that I was going to do what I wanted most. I was going to go home” (83). Working from racist stereotypes and prejudiced beliefs, strangers often act suspiciously and are wary of Tabby, occasionally even treating her like a criminal. These recurring microaggressions prove exhausting for Tabby, and in this instance, her fatigue overrides her decision to take preventative contraception. While she outwardly remains calm and collected in the face of systemic racism, the discrimination inwardly eats away at her, leading her to make reckless decisions.
In their personal spheres, all of the novel’s women characters must confront a sexist double standard in their relationships. Laila, Alexis, and Tabby detail the expectation to constantly forgive and look past mistreatment from their partners, while, for them, failure is not an option. For example, although Lawrence initially lies about his marital status, he expects Laila to continue their affair strictly on his terms, and he abruptly leaves her when she decides to keep their baby. Similarly, Alexis gives Rob countless chances to reform after he commits multiple infidelities throughout their relationship, and rather than improving his behavior, Rob blames Alexsis’s professional success for his low self-esteem and cites this issue as the reason why he seeks the companionship of another woman. Finally, Marc continues to approach Tabby romantically, even though she articulates a sense of betrayal over his lack of honesty about his hesitancy to become a father. Significantly, when female characters such as Jeanie and Granny Tab do decide to end their relationships, they do so somewhat shamefully. Granny Tab refuses to speak about her husband for decades, and Jeanie admits that she didn’t allow Paul the latitude to make mistakes, as Diane does. Although Laila, Alexis, and Tabby go above and beyond society’s expectations as wives and girlfriends, their husbands and boyfriends are often dismissive, dishonest, unsupportive, and disrespectful. The women are expected to forgive and accept this behavior endlessly and applaud their men for simply not being physically abusive or running away.
As the main characters navigate various conflicts unique to women, they demonstrate the powerful impact of support, solidarity, and empathy from other women. These powerful relationships span generations and cultural backgrounds. Most prominently, Tabby, Laila, and Alexis stand by each other in celebratory moments and times of need, and Tabby often reaches out to her friends before anyone else after a traumatic day. As she laments, “We’re just always caught right in the middle carrying a double, even triple, burden. […] “And never knowing which issue is the issue that’s going to get us what we need” (45). This passage describes her ongoing struggles with intersectionality. When Tabby understands her struggles and has her experiences validated, she feels lighter and more content. Thus, the three friends show solidarity by sharing each other’s conflict, and this dynamic shines through at the novel’s conclusion, for although Tabby decides not to burden Laila with Granny Tab’s funeral, not wanting to add to Laila’s emotional distress, Laila shows up at the funeral anyway.
Similarly, Granny Tab and Ms. Gretchen exhibit a relationship built on decades of shared experiences and kinship. Tabby recognizes the close bond that her grandmother cherishes, reflecting, “I understood why Granny Tab would want to stay close—she reminded me of a much older Laila” (58). Ms. Gretchen and Granny Tab often give Tabby conflicting advice, indicating that their relationship is not dependent on constant agreement. Ms. Gretchen and Granny Tab celebrate each other’s differences and conflicting preferences, a practice that Tabby eventually adopts with her friends. After Granny Tab’s death, Ms. Gretchen tells Tabby, “I […] miss my friend” (340), saying this “as if it was a secret that only [she and Tabby] were meant to share” (340). Although close female friends are not traditionally considered to be significant life milestones, these bonds prove pivotal for the characters’ life fulfillment. Tabby learns to prioritize and cherish her relationships with Alexis, Laila, and Ms. Gretchen as much as she would her career or a potential marriage partner.
Perhaps the most central theme in the novel, the pursuit of empowerment, drives the main character’s actions and fuels new change and growth. As Tabby embarks on a journey of self-discovery, she tries to embrace her authenticity, overcome adversity, take charge of her mental and physical health, and repair and improve her relationships with friends and family.
Tabby takes charge of her reproductive health without engaging in another battle for which she has no time or energy. She encourages Lisa to advocate for a healthcare plan that covers infertility treatments, and because of Lisa’s success, Tabby exerts power over significant life choices without making immense sacrifices. Similarly, Tabby addresses her mental health by attending therapy sessions and building her relationships with her best friends. She also takes Officer Mallory’s perspective to heart and teaches her sisters, “You shouldn’t have to be afraid of the police, Dixie. No kid should have to be” (329). Without dismissing her perspective about police mistreatment of people of color, Tabby keeps Officer Mallory’s views in mind and envisions a better world with more trust and less fear.
Tabby learns to assert her perspective and prioritize her point of view by insisting that Daequan’s story make the evening news. After years of listening to Denisha’s tips—stories on which Tabby desperately wants to report—Tabby demands that Daequan’s story receive a meaningful degree of attention. Though Tabby starts as the first and only reporter of the story, the piece eventually receives national attention and garners an Emmy for Tabby and her team. Moreover, as Tabby witnesses, “a departmental investigation was launched into training protocols” (342), representing a tangible and powerful improvement for Tabby’s community. By lending her diverse perspective, Tabby becomes a significant catalyst for change.
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